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En el presente estudio se determina la presencia del oso andino Tremarctos ornatus y su interacción con el humano en tres territorios comunales de la provincia de La Mar (Ayacucho). Entre setiembre y octubre de 2019, establecimos un total de 22 transectos para identificar rastros de la especie, entrevistamos a la población sobre su interacción con el oso y, finalmente, inspeccionamos cadáveres de ganado cuyas muertes fueron atribuidas a ataques de la especie. En total se registraron 312 rastros de oso andino, la mayoria restos de alimentos, hallados predominantemente en las zonas de puna más arriba que los bosques montanos. Los pobladores locales conocen y tienen encuentros con el oso andino en campo e identificaron como las amenazas más recurrentes para el oso los incendios de pastizales, la extracción de madera y la ganadería. Además, informan que los osos causan daños a los cultivos y al ganado. No obstante, no se encontraron suficientes evidencias para confirmar que el oso andino hubiese atacado a alguno de los siete cadáveres de ganado evaluados, pero sí se identifico una posible manipulación o consumo en uno de estos. Nuestros resultados resaltan la importancia de combinar muestreos de presencia del oso con observaciones de la población para identificar amenazas y reducir potenciales conflictos humano-oso basado en eventos no completamente confirmados.
In the present study, we determine the presence of the Andean bear Tremarctos ornatus and its interaction with humans in three communal territories of the La Mar province (Ayacucho). Between September and October 2019, we established a total of 22 transects to identify signs of the species, interviewed the local population about their interactions with the bear, and finally inspected livestock carcasses whose deaths were attributed to attacks by the species. In total, 312 signs of the Andean bear were recorded, with the majority being food remains, primarily found in the high puna areas above the montane forests. Local residents are familiar with and have encounters with the Andean bear in the field, and they identified recurring threats to the bear, including grassland fires, timber extraction, and livestock farming. They also reported that bears cause damage to crops and livestock. However, there were not enough pieces of evidence to confirm that the Andean bear had attacked any of the seven livestock carcasses evaluated. Still, a potential manipulation or consumption was identified in one of these cases. Our results emphasize the importance of combining bear presence surveys with observations from the local population to identify threats and mitigate potential human-bear conflicts based on unconfirmed events.
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En este trabajo se presenta el listado actualizado de anfibios y reptiles de Ica. Las especies son comentadas, acompañadas de mapas de distribución y claves de identificación para reptiles y anfibios. Se recopiló información de registros en colecciones científicas, artículos científicos, informes de agencias gubernamentales de vida silvestre y bases de datos taxonómicas especializadas. Adicionalmente, entre los años 2019 y 2020 se realizaron evaluaciones de campo en zonas con vacíos de información. Se encontraron un total de 22 especies (anfibios 3 y reptiles 19). Los nuevos registros de reptiles para Ica incluyen la lagartija Liolaemus evaristoi y la serpiente Incaspis tachymenoides en la provincia de Chincha a 4200 y 3200 m de altitud respectivamente, la lagartija Stenocercus ornatissimus y la serpiente ciega Epictia tesselata en la provincia de Pisco a 3500 y 2800 m respectivamente. Los nuevos registros de anfibios incluyen a Pleurodema marmoratum en la provincia de Chincha (3900 m) y Telmatobius rimac en las provincias de Chincha y Palpa a 3900 y 2350 m respectivamente. La mayor riqueza y endemismos locales se encontraron en el desierto costero, mientras que, las ampliaciones de distribución y endemismos regionales se registraron en la vertiente occidental de los Andes. También, se observa que las familias Leptotyphlopidae y Viperidae, y los géneros Dicrodon, Stenocercus y Oxyrophus terminan su distribución en la vertiente occidental y la zona costera de los departamentos de Ica y Arequipa sin representantes en el extremo sur del Perú y Chile.
This paper presents the updated list of amphibians and reptiles of Ica. Species are commented, accompanied by distribution maps and identification keys for reptiles and amphibians. Information was collected from scientific collections, scientific articles, governmental wildlife agency reports, and specialized taxonomic database. Additionally, between 2019 and 2020, field surveys were carried out in areas with information gaps. A total of 22 species were found (amphibians 3 and reptiles 19). The new records of reptiles include the Liolaemus evaristoi lizard and the Incaspis tachymenoides snake from Chincha province at 4200 and 3200 m altitude respectively, the Stenocercus ornatissimus lizard and the blind snake Epictia tesselata from Pisco province at 3500 and 2800 m respectively. New amphibian records include Pleurodema marmoratum in Chincha province (3900 m) and Telmatobius rimac in Chincha and Palpa provinces at 3900 and 2350 m respectively. The greatest richness and local endemism were found in the coastal desert, while the expansion of distribution and regional endemism were recorded on the western slope of the Andes. Also, it is observed that the families Leptotyphlopidae and Viperidae, and the genera Dicrodon, Stenocercus and Oxyrophus are finishing their distribution in the western slope and the coastal zone of the departments of Ica and Arequipa without representatives in the extreme south of Peru and Chile.
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Background: The Western Ghats is one of the Mega Biodiversity hot spots at the global level due to its high number of endemic plant species. That plant species, especially the endemics, have been reported and published in Red Data Book regularly. Sageraea laurina Dalzell. belongs to the plant family Annonacea. It is endemic to Western Ghats of India. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) provided the status of this plant which is present in the Western Ghats. This is coming under near threat in the Western Ghats. The present distribution of S. laurina is only restricted to the Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu states only. Methods: For primary data collection used repeated surveys of some areas under study using GPS. For secondary data collection used different literature such as Floras, database and herbarium consultation from BSI and ARI, Pune. Their taxonomy was re-investigated to confirm their taxonomic distinctness and Identification and classification of S. laurina Dalzell by using different Floras. Results: During the study, 118 different GPS localities were noted in the Western Ghats of India. The population distribution of this species covered the Northern (81%), Central (16%), and Southern (3%) Western Ghats of India. Conclusion: In the present study, we are generating primary and secondary data to stand a species in the IUCN category. Generated data used for conservation of this species. The major goal of the species recovery programme will be to re-establish the populations within their natural habitat.
ABSTRACT
Background: The Western Ghats is one of the Mega Biodiversity hot spots at the global level due to its high number of endemic plant species. That plant species, especially the endemics, have been reported and published in Red Data Book regularly. Sageraea laurina Dalzell. belongs to the plant family Annonacea. It is endemic to Western Ghats of India. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) provided the status of this plant which is present in the Western Ghats. This is coming under near threat in the Western Ghats. The present distribution of S. laurina is only restricted to the Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu states only. Methods: For primary data collection used repeated surveys of some areas under study using GPS. For secondary data collection used different literature such as Floras, database and herbarium consultation from BSI and ARI, Pune. Their taxonomy was re-investigated to confirm their taxonomic distinctness and Identification and classification of S. laurina Dalzell by using different Floras. Results: During the study, 118 different GPS localities were noted in the Western Ghats of India. The population distribution of this species covered the Northern (81%), Central (16%), and Southern (3%) Western Ghats of India. Conclusion: In the present study, we are generating primary and secondary data to stand a species in the IUCN category. Generated data used for conservation of this species. The major goal of the species recovery programme will be to re-establish the populations within their natural habitat.
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Abstract Chira River is located on the north coast of Peru. The scant information of the ichthyofauna from coastal drainages from Peru is noteworthy. The aim of this study is to characterize the ichthyofauna along the Chira River basin in terms of diversity and altitudinal range distribution. The material examined belongs to the Ichthyological collection of the Natural History Museum (MUSM). The diversity of fishes is composed of 27 species belonging to 19 families and ten orders. Siluriformes and Characiformes were the most diverse, consisting of 22% (six species) for each one. Five species are new records for the Chira River (three natives and two non-natives). Six marine species and seven exotic species were recorded as well. The altitudinal distribution patterns for all species were registered. This study increases the known diversity of freshwater fishes from Pacific Drainage Rivers in Peru, and it could be used for management and conservation plans.
Resumen El río Chira está ubicado en la costa norte del Perú. La escasa información de la ictiofauna de las cuencas costeras del Perú es notable. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar la ictiofauna en la cuenca del río Chira en términos de diversidad y rango de distribución altitudinal. El material examinado pertenece a la colección ictiológica del Museo de Historia Natural (MUSM). La diversidad de peces está compuesta por 27 especies pertenecientes a 19 familias y 10 órdenes. Cinco especies son nuevos registros para el río Chira (tres nativas y dos no nativas). Fueron registradas seis especies marinas y siete especies exóticas. Este estudio incrementa el conocimiento de la diversidad de peces de las cuencas costeras en Perú, y puede ser usado para planes de manejo y conservación.
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ABSTRACT The genus Mythimna Ochsenheimer, 1816 groups aproximatelly 270 species worldwide. This genus is subdivided into many subgenera and species-groups, with those species occurring in the Neotropical region included in the subgenus Mythimna (Pseudaletia) Franclemont, 1951. Species of this subgenus frequently reach high population levels, causing economic damage to Poaceae cultivars. Hence, it is crucial a well-defined taxonomy allowing rapid and precise identifications. However, the species of this subgenus are cryptic, their recognition requires molecular analyses and in-depth morphological studies, which has often resulted in misidentifications. In Brazil, the occurrence of the following species had been mentioned: Mythimna (P.) adultera (Schaus, 1894), Mythimna (P.) roraimae Franclemont, 1951, Mythimna (P.) sequax Franclemont, 1951, and Mythimna (P.) unipuncta (Haworth, 1809). Yet, until now, we lack a broader knowledge about the geographic distribution and taxonomy of these species. Thus, this study aims to revise the taxonomy of those species based on morphological and molecular (COI) data to provide an updated comprehension of this group in the country. The analysis of 1,664 specimens allowed us to confirm the presence of three species in the country: Mythimna (P.) adultera, Mythimna (P.) sequax, and Mythimna (P.) unipuncta. A lectotype for Mythimna (P.) adultera is designated; a new synonym is proposed: Pseudaletia roraimae syn. nov. of Mythimna (P.) unipuncta; and a new species, Mythimna (P.) celiae sp. nov. is described from Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Resumo Introdução A tuberculose, caracterizada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como emergência sanitária mundial, é uma doença de impacto global. Objetivo Realizar série histórica de casos de tuberculose em um período de 17 anos em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, considerando a histórica relação da doença com a mineração. Método Dados foram obtidos em sistema próprio de registros do município, por busca ativa em prontuários médicos e comparados à quantidade de casos notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Para análises de tendência, foram utilizados modelos de regressão polinomial para séries históricas. Resultados Idade média dos casos foi 40,3 ± 16,4 anos. Homens apresentaram 2,23 vezes mais casos e chance 2,07 vezes maior para desfechos negativos. A forma mais observada foi pulmonar (84%), e sorologia para HIV foi realizada em apenas 16,3% dos registros. Principal desfecho observado foi cura (70%), e desfechos negativos totalizaram 20,2% dos registros. Taxa de incidência média foi 29,76 e 16,23 casos/100 mil habitantes na área municipal e distrital, respectivamente. Conclusão Apesar da relação histórica entre mineração e tuberculose no município, observa-se que este ainda apresenta preocupantes vulnerabilidades em relação à vigilância da doença. Análise de série temporal sugeriu declínio na proporção de casos curados entre 2009 e 2015.
Abstract Background Tuberculosis, characterized by the World Health Organization as a global health emergency, is a disease of global impact. Objective To investigate a series of tuberculosis cases during 17 years in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil, considering the historic relationship between mining and the disease. Method Data was obtained through the city's system of tuberculosis notifications, plus active search through medical records, and compared to the amount of notified cases present in the System of Information of Notifications Complications. For trend analysis, polynomial regression models were used for the historic series. Results The average age was 40.3 ± 16.4 years old. Men showed 2.23 times more cases and chances (odds ratio) of 2.07 times higher for negative outcomes. The most observed form was lung (85%) and HIV serology was performed in only 16.3% of the logs. The main observed outcome was a cure (70%) and negative outcomes accounted for 20.2% of the logs. The average incidence rate was 29.76 and 16.23 cases/100 thousand inhabitants in the city and district zones, respectively. Conclusion Despite the historical relationship between mining and tuberculosis in the municipality, it is observed that the same still presents worrying vulnerabilities about disease surveillance, temporal series analysis suggested a decline in the proportion of cases cured between 2009 and 2015.
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Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811) is the triatomine with the largest geographic distribution in Latin America. It has been reported in 18 countries from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, including the Caribbean islands. Although most reports indicate that P. geniculatus has wild habitats, this species has intrusive habits regarding human dwellings mainly located in intermediate deforested areas. It is attracted by artificial light from urban and rural buildings, raising the risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. Despite the wide body of published information on P. geniculatus, many knowledge gaps exist about its biology and epidemiological potential. For this reason, we analysed the literature for P. geniculatus in Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar and the BibTriv3.0 databases to update existing knowledge and provide better information on its geographic distribution, life cycle, genetic diversity, evidence of intrusion and domiciliation, vector-related circulating discrete taxonomic units, possible role in oral T. cruzi transmission, and the effect of climate change on its biology and epidemiology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Panstrongylus/genetics , Panstrongylus/parasitology , Triatoma/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Chagas Disease/transmission , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Panstrongylus/physiology , Phylogeny , Genetic Variation/genetics , Biology , Genes, Insect , Ecology , Genotype , Geography , Insect Vectors/genetics , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
Resumen Se registra Neoraimondia arequipensis subesp. gigantea en los bosques secos de Tumbes, ampliándose su distribución geográfica en el norte del Perú. Se realizó la identificación fenotípica de 70 individuos y genotípica basada en la secuenciación del gen matK (Maturase K gene). El hábitat de esta especie se caracteriza por la presencia de suelo de tipo pedregoso y rocoso, ubicados aledaños a zonas de quebradas y altitudes entre 20 a 60 m. Además, se registran observaciones de interacciones biológicas de este cactus con fauna y flora endémica del departamento de Tumbes.
Abstract Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. gigantea is registered in the dry forests of Tumbes, expanding its geographical distribution in northern Peru, based on the phenotypic identification of 70 individuals and genotypic by sequencing the matK gene (Maturase K gene). The habitat of this species is characterized by the presence of stony and rocky soil, located adjacent to areas of ravines and altitudes between 20 to 60 meters above sea level. In addition, we include the record of biological interactions of this cactus with endemic fauna and flora of the department of Tumbes.
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Occurrences of Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima, Anastrepha connexa Lima, Anastrepha consobrina (Loew), Anastrepha kuhlmanni Lima, Anastrepha leptozona Hendel, and Anastrepha xanthochaeta Hendel are recorded for the first time in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species were captured in McPhail traps baited with hydrolyzed protein (5%) in orchards of cultivated species and in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, or obtained from the collection of species deposited in the Regional Museum of Entomology (UFVB) of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, in the state of Minas Gerais.(AU)
Ocorrências de Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima, Anastrepha connexa Lima, Anastrepha consobrina (Loew), Anastrepha kuhlmanni Lima, Anastrepha leptozona Hendel e Anastrepha xanthochaeta Hendel são registradas pela primeira vez no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. As espécies foram capturadas em armadilhas do tipo McPhail com um atrativo alimentar de proteína hidrolisada (5%) em três pomares de espécies cultivadas e um remanescente de Mata Atlântica no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, ou obtidas por meio de levantamento de espécies de Tephritidae depositadas no Museu Regional de Entomologia (UFVB) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, estado de Minas Gerais.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Trees , Tephritidae/classification , Fruit , BiodiversityABSTRACT
Abstract Among the Nematodes of Cerdocyon thous, the genus Pterygodermatites is characteristic for presenting cuticular projections along the body, being mentioned in different hosts in South America, although there are no records of its occurrence in the Amazon Biome. To enable further exploration in terms of their morphology and morphometry, the nematodes collected from cadavers of C. thous were fixed and observed using bright field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, revealing characteristics compatible with P. (Multipectines) affinis, thus contributing more information about the geographic distribution of the parasite, as well as knowledge of the helminthological fauna of wild mammals in the Brazilian Amazon.
Resumo Entre os nematodas de Cerdocyon thous, o gênero Pterygodermatites é característico por apresentar projeções cuticulares ao longo do corpo, sendo citado em diferentes hospedeiros na América do Sul, porém, sem registros de sua ocorrência no Bioma Amazônia. Passível de maior exploração quanto à sua morfologia e morfometria, os nematoides colhidos de cadáveres de C. thous foram fixados e observados em microscopia de campo claro e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, revelando características compatíveis com P. (Multipectines) affinis. Com isso contribuiu com mais informações sobre a distribuição geográfica do parasito, bem como o conhecimento da fauna helmintológica de mamíferos selvagens na Amazônia brasileira.
Subject(s)
Animals , Spirurida/ultrastructure , Canidae/parasitology , Nematode Infections/parasitology , Species Specificity , Brazil , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Animal DistributionABSTRACT
Abstract Haemoproteus spp. are protozoan parasites found in birds around the world. These parasites are identified through the morphology of gametocytes, phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytb gene, and the parasite's geographic distribution. The absence of erythrocytic merogony, high intraspecific genetic variation and low parasitemia in wild birds makes it essential to use integrative approaches that assist in the identification of these parasites. Thus, microscopic and molecular analyses, combined with spatial distribution, were carried out to verify the presence of Haemoproteus spp. in wild birds in Brazil. Light microscopy revealed one Tangara sayaca bird was parasitized by Haemoproteus coatneyi and, two specimens of Zonotrichia capensis presented Haemoproteus erythrogravidus. The morphology of the gametocytes of these two parasitic species showed high similarity. The molecular analysis revealed the presence of one lineage of H. coatneyi and two lineages of H. erythrogravidus, one of which is considered a new lineage. These lineages were grouped phylogenetically in separate clades, with low genetic divergence, and the H. erythrogravidus lineage emerged as an internal group of the lineages of H. coatneyi. The geographic distribution demonstrated that the two species occur in the American continent. This is the first report of H. erythrogravidus in Brazil.
Resumo Haemoproteus spp. são protozoários parasitos encontrados em aves de todo o mundo. A identificação desses parasitos é realizada por meio da morfologia dos gametócitos, da análise filogenética, baseada no gene mitoncodrial cytb e na distribuição geográfica do parasito. A ausência de merogonia eritrocítica, a alta variação genética intraespecífica e a baixa parasitemia em aves silvestres, tornam essencial a utilização de abordagens integrativas que auxiliem na identificação desses parasitos. Assim, análises microscópicas e moleculares, aliadas à distribuição espacial, foram realizadas para verificar a presença de Haemoproteus spp. em aves silvestres no Brasil. A microscopia óptica demonstrou que uma ave Tangara sayaca estava parasitada por Haemoproteus coatneyi, e dois espécimes de Zonotrichia capensis apresentavam Haemoproteus erythrogravidus, cujas morfologias dos gametócitos apresentaram alta similaridade. A análise molecular recuperou uma linhagem de H. coatneyi e duas linhagens de H. erythrogravidus, sendo uma dessas considerada nova linhagem. Essas linhagens se agruparam filogeneticamente em clados separados, apresentando baixa divergência genética, sendo que as linhagens de H. erythrogravidus emergiram como grupo interno às linhagens de H. coatneyi. A distribuição geográfica demonstrou que as duas espécies estão ocorrendo no continente americano. Este é o primeiro relato de H. erythrogravidus no Brasil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Protozoan Infections, Animal/epidemiology , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Haemosporida/classification , Haemosporida/genetics , Passeriformes/parasitology , Phylogeny , Brazil , Forests , Cytochromes b/geneticsABSTRACT
Abstract: This study presents a synopsis of the tribe Cocoseae (Arecaceae) for the Maranhão state, which was based on the descriptive analysis of voucher specimens of national and international herbaria, from loans, collection visits, digital platforms, and materials collected in expeditions. Twenty-five species belonging to seven genera were identified. The genus Bactris Jacq. ex Scop. was the most representative with seven species, followed by Attalea Kunth. (five spp.), Syagrus Mart. (five spp.), Astrocaryum G. Mey. (three spp.), Desmoncus Mart. (three spp.), Acrocomia Mart (one spp.), and Allagoptera Nees (one sp.). Four new records of occurrence were found for Maranhão: Allagoptera leucocalyx (Drude) Kuntze, Attalea barreirensis Glassman, Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. and Syagrus glazioviana (Dammer) Becc. This paper presents a taxonomic key for the species, as well as geographic distribution maps and photographic plates with the distinguishing characteristics for each taxon. Besides the taxonomic characteristics, common names, ecological data, and conservation status are included.
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma sinopse da tribo Cocoseae (Arecaceae) para o estado do Maranhão, embasada na análise descritiva de amostras de herbários nacionais e internacionais, provenientes de empréstimos, visitas aos acervos e consultas em plataformas digitais, além de materiais coletados em expedições. Foram identificadas 25 espécies, pertencentes a sete gêneros. Bactris Jacq. ex Scop. foi o gênero mais representativos com sete espécies, seguido de Attalea Kunth. (cinco spp.), Syagrus Mart. (cinco spp.), Astrocaryum G. Mey. (três spp.), Desmoncus Mart. (três spp.), Acrocomia Mart. (uma spp.) e Allagoptera Nees (uma spp.). Foram encontrados quatro novos registros de ocorrência para o território maranhense: Allagoptera leucocalyx (Drude) Kuntze, Attalea barreirensis Glassman, Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. e Syagrus glazioviana (Dammer) Becc. É apresentada neste artigo uma chave taxonômica para as espécies, além de mapas de distribuição geográfica e pranchas fotográficas com características distintivas para cada táxon. São incluídos, além das características taxonômicas das espécies, nomes populares, informações ecológicas e status de conservação..
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Objective To investigate the geographic variation in the distribution and risk factors of cerebral artery diseases in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke. Methods All 9 346 continuously hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke in 20 hospitals from June 2015 to May 2016 were enrolled in j this multicenter study, using carotid ultrasonography and transcranial color-coded sonography/transcranial 1 doppler to evaluate the degree of extra- and intra- cranial arteries stenosis and verifying by CT angiography or magnetic resonance angiography. All patients were divided into the southern group and the northern group by the definition of the Huai River-Qinling Mountains line to compare the differences of the distribution and risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases. Meanwhile, all patients were divided into the lesion group (defined as the degree of stenosis more than 50% ) and the non-lesion group according to the degree of stenosis to compare the differences of baseline data and geographic distribution of cerebrovascular diseases. i Results The 2 561 northern patients and 6 785 northern patients were enrolled in the study. The proportion of patients with more than 50% degree of extra- and intra-cranial arteries stenosis was significantly higher in northern China than that in southern China (33. 1% [2 243/6 785 ] vs. 25. 0% [639/2 561 ], χ2= 57. 295, P <0.01). The proportions of northern patients with more than 50% degree of stenosis located in the extracranial segment of internal carotid artery, vertebral artery, subclavian artery, middle cerebral artery, the terminal segment of internal carotid artery, intracranial segment of the vertebral artery, and basilar artery were higher than those of southern patients (all P <0. 05). The proportion of patients with intracranial artery stenosis was higher than that with extracranial arteries stenosis in both southern and northern patients (χ2=2.790,P =0. 248). The distribution of arterial lesions in the anterior and posterior circulations was significantly different in southern and northern patients (χ2= 13. 433, P = 0. 001). The proportion of anterior circulation arteries stenosis was higher in southern patients than that in northern patients (58.5% [374/639] vs. 50.3% [1 129/2 243]). While the posterior circulation artery stenosis (27.2% [609/2 243]rs. 23.0% [147/639]) and combined anterior with posterior circulation artery stenosis (22.5%[505/2 243 ]vs. 18.5% [118/639]) were more common in northern patients compared to southern patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of stroke, smoking, and obesity were independent risk factors of cerebral artery stenosis ( OR values were 1.006, 1.670, 1.202, 1.176, 1.546, 1.414 and 1. 230, allP<0.05). While living in northern China was an independent risk factor for cerebral arterial stenosis after modifying the aforementioned parameters ( OR = 1. 385, 95% CI: 1. 237 -1. 550, P < 0. 01). Conclusion The distribution and risk factors of cerebrovascular stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke were significantly different in the north and south of China.
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Background: Around 0.84 million people contracted malaria in India in the year 2017 and it resulted in 194 deaths. This study was conducted to describe the demographic and clinical profile as well as the geographical distribution of malaria patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Mangaluru.Methods: It was a record based descriptive study. All the malaria cases which were admitted from 1st May 2017 till 30th April 2018 were included in the study. QGIS software was used to plot the cases geographically.Results: A total of 97 malaria cases were present, of which 74.2% were males. The mean age of the participants was 33.4 years. Fever and chills were the most common presenting complaints (94.8% and 85.6% respectively) and thrombocytopenia was the foremost complication. Diagnosis was done using blood smear in 45 cases and rapid diagnostic kit in 59 cases. 8 patients were detected positive by both the tests. Plasmodium vivax (69%) was the most common infection. QGIS plotting of address showed that 61.4% were from Mangaluru block. Rest of the cases were from other parts of Karnataka, Kerala and Bihar.Conclusions: Malaria has a male preponderance and usually affects the economically productive age group. Thrombocytopenia was a common complication, thus necessitating close vigilance on platelet counts in malaria patients. Thick and thin blood smear is recommended to be performed to every case irrespective of their rapid diagnostic kit results. Mangaluru block accounted for 60 cases out of 97 cases which necessitates intensification of preventive measures in the block.
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The previously unknown female of Spodochlamys marahuaca Jameson & Ratcliffe, 2011 is described and illustrated for the first time based on two specimens collected in the region of the Juruá River, Amazonas state, Brazil. The specimens constitute a new record for Brazil. The identification key for species of Spodochlamys is updated, as well as the geographic distribution of the other two Brazilian species, S. caesarea Burmeister and S. iheringi Ohaus. (AU)
Subject(s)
Classification , Amazonian Ecosystem , Plant DispersalABSTRACT
Abstract The msp4 gene of A. marginale is unicodon, stable and mostly homogeneous, being considered as a useful marker for phylogeographic characterization of this bacterium. The objective of this work was to analyze the phylogeography of A. marginale based on the msp4 gene in beef cattle from the Brazilian Pantanal, compared to those found in other regions worldwide. The blood samples investigated were collected from 400 animals (200 cows and 200 calves) reared in five extensive breeding farms in this region. The results indicated that of the evaluated samples, 56.75% (227/400) were positive for A. marginale based on the msp1β gene by quantitatitve PCR (qPCR), while 8.37% (19/227) were positive for the msp4 gene in the conventional PCR. In the Network distance analysis, 14 sequences from the Brazilian Pantanal were grouped into a single group with those from Thailand, India, Spain, Colombia, Parana (Brazil), Mexico, Portugal, Argentina, China, Venezuela, Australia, Italy and Minas Gerais (Brazil). Among 68 sequences from Brazil and the world, 15 genotypes were present while genotype number one (#1) was the most distributed worldwide. Both Splitstree and network analyses showed that the A. marginale msp4 sequences detected in beef cattle from the Brazilian Pantanal showed low polymorphism, with the formation of one genogroup phylogenetically related to those found in ruminants from South and Central America, Europe, and Asia.
Resumo O gene msp4 de A. marginale é unicodon, estável e pouco heterogêneo, sendo considerado como um marcador útil para caracterização filogeográfica desta bactéria. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a filogeografia de A. marginale com base no gene msp4 em bovinos de corte do Pantanal Brasileiro, comparativamente a outra regiões do mundo. Alíquotas de sangue foram colhidas de 400 bovinos (200 vacas e 200 bezerros) em cinco propriedades de cria e recria extensiva. Como resultado, 56,75% (227/400) mostraram-se positivas para A. marginale pela qPCR para o gene msp1β e destas, 8,37% (19/227) amostras foram positivas na PCR convencional para o gene msp4. Na análise de distância Network, 14 sequências do Pantanal brasileiro foram agrupadas em um único grupo com as da Thailândia, Índia, Espanha, Colômbia, Paraná (Brasil), México, Portugal, Argentina, China, Venezuela, Austrália, Italia e Minas Gerais (Brasil). Dentre 68 sequências do Brasil e do mundo, constatou-se a presença de 15 genótipos, sendo o genótipo número um (#1) o mais distribuído. As sequências msp4 de A. marginale detectadas em bovinos de corte no Pantanal brasileiro apresentaram baixo polimorfismo com formação de dois genogrupos filogeneticamente relacionados àqueles encontrados em ruminantes de países das América do Sul e Central, Europa e Ásia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Cattle/microbiology , Anaplasma marginale/genetics , Phylogeography/methods , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Asia , Americas , Brazil , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Amino Acid Sequence , Anaplasma marginale/isolation & purification , Europe , GenotypeABSTRACT
Abstract: Diptera belonging to the families Nycteribiidae and Streblidae are hematophagous ectoparasites, exclusively of bats. The Amapá State is located in the North Region of Brazil. The Amapá represents one of with the lowest rates of deforestation in the country, with approximately 80% of the territory preserved. Within the State, there are conservation units, Floresta Nacional do Amapá (FNA), Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque (PNMT) and Reserva de desenvolvimento Sustentável do Rio Iratapurú (RDSI). These areas represent priority areas for the Conservation of Amazonian Biodiversity. Recently in Amapá studied on the diversity and distribution of bats, however, there are no records of associated arthropod ectoparasites. Therefore, the objective was to describe the pattern of association of Nycteribiidae and Streblidae species on bats in three protected areas of Amapá. Bats were collected through mist nets, where each host had its body visually revised and the Diptera collected were identified through a specific bibliography. One thousand and eighty- six individuals of bats flies were identified, distributed in 52 species (Streblidae = 49 and Nycteribiidae = three). Among the three infracommunities, the PNMT infracommunities was the largest found with abundance and richness of bats flies. All species found, represent new occurrences for the Amapá, being these, 18 new records for the North Region and seven new records for Brazil.
Resumo: Dípteros pertencentes as famílias Nycteribiidae e Streblidae são ectoparasitos hematófagos, sendo exclusivamente de morcegos. O estado do Amapá localiza-se na região Norte do Brasil e representa um dos estados com as menores taxas de desmatamento do país, com aproximadamente 80% do território preservado. Dentro do Estado, existem as unidades de conservação, a Floresta Nacional do Amapá (FNA), o Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque (PNMT) e a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Rio Iratapurú (RDS) que representam áreas prioritárias para a Conservação da Biodiversidade da Amazônia. Estudos sobre a diversidade e a distribuição de morcegos têm sido estudada recentemente no Amapá, no entanto, não existem registros de artrópodes ectoparasitos associados. Sendo assim, o objetivo foi descrever padrão de associação das espécies de Nycteribiidae e Streblidae sobre morcegos em três unidades de conservação do Amapá. Os morcegos foram coletados por meio de redes de neblina, onde cada hospedeiro teve seu corpo revisado visualmente e os dípteros coletados foram identificados através de bibliografia específica. Foram identificados 1086 indivíduos de moscas ectoparasitas, distribuídos em 52 espécies (Streblidae = 49 e Nycteribiidae = três). Entre as três infracomunidades, a infracomunidade de PNMT foi a maior encontrada tanto com relação a abundancia como em riqueza de dípteros ectoparasitas. Todas as espécies encontradas, representam novas ocorrências para o Estado do Amapá, sendo essas, 18 novos registros para a Região Norte e sete novos registros para o Brasil.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: In Egypt, the National Cancer Registry Program integrates hospital-based data from multiple Egyptian governorates to obtain representative rates. Unfortunately, Dakahlia (one of the largest Egyptian governorates) was not integrated in the National Cancer Registry Program. This research aimed to acquire malignancy rates from the Oncology Center of Mansoura University, which is one of the two oncology centers present in Dakalia Governorate in Egypt. METHODS: Electronic records of patients who attended the Oncology Center of Mansoura University during 2016 were accessed with permission. Analysis was performed to extract diagnostic categories (age, gender, and geographic distribution of cases). RESULTS: Most commonly diagnosed malignancies were breast cancer which represented about 10% of cases in the Oncology Center of Mansoura University during 2016. This was followed by leukemia (3.80%), lymphoma (3.59%), and liver cancer (3.44%). Diagnoses encountered included benign and malignant tumors as well as non-tumor diagnoses. The Mansoura district had the highest proportionate rate of breast cancer cases. Females in the age group ≥ 35 < 60 years had the highest incidence of malignancy cases across all diagnoses. CONCLUSION: The burden of breast cancer in Mansoura district is high. Risk factors need further evaluation with a recommendation to perform an environmental risk assessment.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnosis , Egypt , Incidence , Leukemia , Liver Neoplasms , Lymphoma , Risk Assessment , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics,dynamic trend of development and related influencing factors of hepatitis C in Shandong,China,2007-2016,also to provide epidemiological evidence for prevention and control of HCV.Methods National surveillance data of hepatitis C from 2007 to 2016 in Shandong was used,with distribution and clustering map of hepatitis C drawn at the county level.Panel Poisson regression was used to explore the influencing factors of hepatitis C at the city level.Results The incidence of hepatitis C in Shandong increased from 1.49/100 000 in 2007 to 4.72/100 000 in 2016,with the high incidence mainly clustered in the urban regions in Jinan,Zibo,Weihai et al.and surrounding vicinities.Majority of the cases were young adults,with 53.16％ (14 711/27 671) of them being farmers.Results from the Multiple panel Poisson regression analysis indicated that factors as:population density (aIRR=1.07,95％ CI:1.05-1.10),number of hospital per hundred thousand people shared (aIRR=1.16,95％CI:1.08-1.24),expenditure of medical fee in rural (aIRR=1.21,95％CI:1.08-1.37) and the proportion of the tertiary industry (aIRR=1.08,95％ CI:1.07-1.09) were all correlated to the incidence of hepatitis C.Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis C had been increasing rapidly in recent years,in Shandong.Prevention and control of HCV should focus on high risk population.In addition,rural,especially in areas with lower economics provision should be under more attentions,so as to find more concealed cases for early treatment.